Uzinex, utilaje & echipamente pentru industrie
Machining · gearsPechea, Galați, RomaniaEU funding (AFIR)Siemens Sinumerik 828D

CNC gear hobbing machine with Siemens Sinumerik 828D: a farmer now cuts his own gears.

A farmer from Pechea, in Galați County, Romania, who still works his land, opened a second line of business through his company, Miatec S.R.L.: a gear cutting workshop. With funding from AFIR, the Romanian agency that channels EU rural investment money, UZINEX delivered a CNC gear hobbing machine with 7 axes controlled by a Siemens Sinumerik 828D. It cuts spur and helical gears, gearbox pinions, gear pump gears, worm wheels and spline shafts, for his own farm machinery and for customers in the area.

7 axes
Siemens CNC control
0.1–3
module · mm
60 mo
UZINEX warranty
AuthorSorin Baciu· Founder, UZINEX·
CNC gear hobbing machine with Siemens Sinumerik 828D control, front view with the work area door
The CNC gear hobbing machine, with the Siemens Sinumerik 828D panel and the electronic handwheel.
01 / Project sheet
Client
Miatec S.R.L.
Location
Pechea, Galați County, Romania
Core business
Farming, still running
New business
Gear cutting workshop
Funding
AFIR (EU rural funds) · income diversification
Machine
CNC gear hobbing machine
CNC control
Siemens Sinumerik 828D
Investment
Over €100,000
Warranty
60 months
Products
Pinions, pump gears, farm machinery parts
Delivery
Transport, installation, commissioning, training
Installation and commissioning
Sorin Baciu, with an external partner
02 / From the field to the workshop

Why a farmer invests in a gear hobbing machine.

Anyone who runs farm machinery knows what the season looks like: a gearbox fails, then a seed drill reducer, then a hydraulic pump on a tractor. Most of the time the missing part is a gear or a pinion. The original spare part is slow to arrive, and for machines that are out of production it may never arrive at all.

The owner of Miatec farms in Pechea and keeps farming. He noticed that his neighbours, the machine shops in Galați County and the farm machinery repair services all had the same problem. That became his second line of business: a workshop that makes gears to order, from a sample or from a drawing, in small and medium batches.

The investment was backed by AFIR funding for diversifying farm income. His requirements were clear: a machine a new operator learns quickly, one that holds accuracy from the first part to the last in a batch, and one that covers the parts the area actually needs, meaning gearbox pinions, gear pump gears, worm wheels and spline shafts. Our answer was a CNC gear hobbing machine with a Siemens Sinumerik 828D control.

Gear hobbing is how most of the world's cylindrical gears are made. On a CNC hobbing machine, the same workshop moves from a one-off replacement gear to a batch of several hundred by changing only the program and the hob.

03 / How gear hobbing works

Hob and workpiece turn in sync, and the teeth are generated by rolling.

A hob cutter looks like a screw with grooves cut across its thread. Each groove creates a cutting edge, and the edges together form the profile of a rack. When the hob and the gear blank rotate locked to a fixed ratio, the edges cut the tooth spaces one after another and the flanks come out with an involute profile. The tooth shape is generated by the motion itself, which is why hobbing is called a generating process.

The ratio is simple: with a single-start hob, the workpiece advances exactly one tooth for every turn of the hob. A 20-tooth gear makes one full turn for 20 turns of the hob. Older hobbing machines got that ratio from change gears. On a CNC gear hobbing machine the control holds it electronically, between the hob axis and the table axis. A new gear means a new program on the same machine.

  • B

    Hob rotation

    The hob spindle, with a BT30 taper and automatic hydraulic tool clamping, turns at up to 5,000 rpm.

  • C

    Workpiece rotation

    The rotary table turns the workpiece in sync with the hob, up to 270 rpm, with a precision motor for exact indexing.

  • Z

    Axial feed

    The hob travels across the face width along the workpiece axis. Z-axis travel is 300 mm.

  • X

    Infeed depth

    The distance between hob and workpiece sets the tooth depth, programmed in one or several passes.

  • A

    Head swivel

    The hob head swivels up to ±45° to match the hob lead angle and the helix angle of the gear. That is how helical gears are cut.

  • Y

    Hob shift

    The hob moves along its own axis between parts, so wear spreads over its whole length and the tool lasts longer.

Gear hobbing · animation
Side view
CentreTailstockGear blankZBXHob cutter
End view
CAHob cutter
Feed across the face width76%

Single-start hob: the workpiece advances 1 tooth per hob turn (z = 20)

  • B · hob rotation
  • C · workpiece rotation
  • Z · axial feed
  • X · depth
  • A · swivel
04 / The machine delivered · technical data

The CNC gear hobbing machine at a glance.

These are the values of the machine delivered, in its Siemens-controlled configuration. For larger parts or coarser modules, we size the gear hobbing machine in the quotation.

Technical specifications

Gear typesspur and helical cylindrical gears, worm wheels, spline shafts
Module0.1–3 mm
Maximum workpiece diameter120 mm
Minimum number of teeth3
Accuracygrade 7, ISO 1328 scale
CNC axes7
CNC controlSiemens Sinumerik 828D, Siemens direct-drive axes
Maximum hob (diameter × length)80 × 90 mm
Hob clampingBT30 taper, automatic hydraulic clamping and release
Maximum hob speed5,000 rpm
Hob head swivel±45°
Z-axis travel300 mm
Hob axis to workpiece axis distance15–95 mm
Rotary table diameter150 mm
Maximum table speed270 rpm
Installed power13 kW
Power supply380 V, three-phase, 50 Hz
Weight5,900 kg
Interfacekeyboard and screen in English
Hob cutter generating a helical gear, workpiece held between centres
The hob cuts a helical gear. The workpiece is held between the centre and the live tailstock centre.

What the machine comes with

  • Siemens Sinumerik 828D control

    A CNC control widely used in European machine shops. All the main control units are Siemens, and the axes are direct-drive.

  • Fast hob change

    The hob spindle has a BT30 taper with automatic hydraulic clamping and release, so tool changes and set-up are quick.

  • Roller linear guides on X and Z

    High rigidity, accuracy that holds over time, and easy maintenance.

  • C axis with a precision motor

    Exact table indexing and enough cutting force for hobbing.

  • Servo-driven Y axis

    Precise hob shifting, longer tool life, and full cutting rigidity.

  • Hydraulic tailstock

    A precision linear guide moved by a hydraulic cylinder, with a live centre that protects the workpiece centre hole.

  • Stainless-lined work area

    Stainless steel inner guarding fully separates the cutting zone and makes chip removal easier.

  • Hydraulics, lubrication and coolant

    Hydraulic unit, lubrication, coolant and chip separator, all fitted to the machine at delivery.

05 / What the machine makes

Gears for gearboxes, pumps and farm machinery.

The machine covers the small and medium parts most often needed for repairs and short runs: up to 120 mm in diameter and module 3. In practice, gears for reducers, pumps, farm machinery gearboxes and drive mechanisms.

01

Spur gears

The most common gears. Pinions and wheels for reducers, gearboxes and drives, hobbed in a single set-up.

02

Helical gears

The hob head swivels to the helix angle. Helical gears run quieter and carry more load than spur gears, which is why reducers and gearboxes use them.

03

Worm wheels

The wheel of a worm drive, with teeth curved around the worm. It is hobbed with a hob that has the same profile as the mating worm.

04

Spline shafts

Involute splines are hobbed exactly like a gear, with a spline hob. PTO shafts and drive hubs are typical parts.

05

Pinions with few teeth

The machine works from 3 teeth up, so small pinions cut integral with the shaft are possible for pumps and reducers.

06

Gear pump gears

Gear pairs in hydraulic pumps need an accurate profile and tight clearance to hold pressure. Grade 7 straight from hobbing covers many of them; tighter requirements are met by grinding afterwards.

Common gear materials

The material follows the load, the speed and the working environment. The table shows the combinations used most often for the parts made in this workshop.

MaterialTypical useHeat treatment
42CrMo4 (≈ AISI 4140, quenched and tempered alloy steel)loaded reducer pinions and gears, spline shaftsquenched and tempered before hobbing, optional induction hardening after
16MnCr5 and 20MnCr5 (≈ AISI 5115/5120, case-hardening steels)gearbox and reducer gears with high flank wearcarburized and hardened after hobbing, then ground when high accuracy is required
C45 (≈ AISI 1045, carbon steel)gears and pinions under moderate load, common spare partsnormalized or quenched and tempered, optional induction hardening
CuSn12 (tin bronze)worm wheelsnone; runs against a hardened steel worm
Grey or ductile iron (EN-GJL, EN-GJS)large, slow gears and geared housingsnone or stress relief
Stainless steel (e.g. X20Cr13, ≈ AISI 420)food-grade and corrosive-media pumpshardened and tempered, depending on grade
Engineering plastics (POM, PA6)quiet gears, light loads, running without lubricationnone
06 / Hobbing, shaping, grinding

Which gear cutting process fits which gear.

There are several ways to make a gear. The table shows where each process fits, and why a gear workshop usually starts with a CNC gear hobbing machine.

ProcessHow it worksTypical partsTypical accuracy (ISO 1328)When to choose it
Gear hobbinghob and workpiece rotate in sync while the hob feeds across the face widthspur and helical gears, worm wheels, splines, pinionsgrades 7–9batches and repairs; the most productive process for external gears
Gear shapinga pinion-type cutter reciprocates and rolls with the workpieceinternal gears, gears next to a shoulder, cluster gearsgrades 7–9when a hob has no run-out room or the gear is internal
Form milling with a module cuttera disc cutter machines one tooth space at a time on a dividing headone-offs, repairs, coarse modulesgrades 9–11a single part when needed, on a universal milling machine
Gear grindingan abrasive wheel finishes the flanks after heat treatmenthardened high-precision gearsgrades 3–6after hobbing and hardening, when noise and accuracy matter

Accuracy grades are indicative. Real results depend on the tool, the material, the workholding and the set-up.

07 / Installation and commissioning

The machine at delivery, during installation and at first start-up.

Installation and commissioning were carried out by Sorin Baciu of UZINEX, together with an external partner. Operator training was part of the delivery. Click any image to enlarge it.

The CNC gear hobbing machine before commissioning: the Sinumerik 828D panel on the left, the enclosed work area in the middle.
The electrical cabinet open for checks during installation: Siemens drives and axis wiring.
The back of the machine: hydraulic unit, chip separator and control cabinets.
The hob cuts a helical gear, with the workpiece held between centres.
The control panel, with the mode key switch and the electronic handwheel for jogging the axes.
Connecting the handwheel during commissioning.
The Siemens Sinumerik 828D control starting up.
The main screen, with the axis positions.
Operating the machine panel, with the mode and axis keys.
Video
Control start-up, the axis screen and the machine panel. 42 seconds, no sound.
08 / What the delivery included

From the truck to the first gear.

The price included transport to the client's site, installation, commissioning and operator training. The engineer who commissioned the machine remains the client's contact after delivery.

Transport to site
The 5.9-tonne machine was delivered and unloaded at the Miatec workshop in Pechea.
Included
Installation and commissioning
380 V connection, levelling, filling the hydraulic and lubrication circuits, checking the axes and the control.
Included
Operator training
Working with the Sinumerik 828D, holding the part between centres, mounting and centring the hob, the first hobbing programs.
Included
Warranty
Five years of warranty on the machine.
60 months
On-site service
A UZINEX technician on site, anywhere in Romania.
Within 48 h
Remote support
For set-up and programming questions, a UZINEX engineer guides the operator by video call.
Video
09 / Calculator · make or buy your gears

What a gear costs when you cut it yourself.

Enter your own figures: how many gears you buy each month, at what price, what the material and an hour of machine time cost. The calculator shows your cost per gear, the monthly saving, how loaded the machine is and how many months it takes to pay back the investment. The starting values are only an example.

· Your figures

Cost per gear = material + cycle time × machine-hour cost. Payback = your investment ÷ monthly saving.

· Result
Your cost per gear
9.93 €
Saving per month
6,020 €/month
Your investment after funding
100,000 €
Payback
16.6 months
Machine load24% (40 / 168 h)
11 / Frequently asked questions · gear hobbing machine

What is a gear hobbing machine?

A machine tool that cuts gear teeth by hobbing. The hob, which looks like a grooved screw, and the gear blank rotate in sync, and the teeth are generated with an involute profile. Hobbing is the most widely used process for external cylindrical gears.

Which gears can the delivered machine cut?

Spur and helical cylindrical gears, pinions from 3 teeth up, worm wheels and involute spline shafts. In practice: reducer pinions and gears, gear pump gears, farm machinery gearbox gears and spare parts copied from a sample.

What module and diameter does it take?

Module 0.1 to 3 mm and parts up to 120 mm in diameter, from 3 teeth up. The Z-axis travel, which sets how far the hob can feed along the part, is 300 mm.

What accuracy does a gear cut on this machine reach?

Grade 7 on the ISO 1328 scale, the usual level for quality gear hobbing. Real accuracy depends on the hob, the material and the workholding. For grades 5 or 6, the gear is ground after heat treatment.

What does gear accuracy grade 7 mean?

ISO 1328 classifies gears by pitch, profile and helix deviations; a lower number means higher accuracy. AGMA 2015 uses a similar scale, from A2 to A11. Grade 7 is typical for industrial reducers, farm machinery gearboxes and standard pumps.

Can it cut helical gears?

Yes. The hob head swivels up to ±45°, and the Sinumerik 828D links table rotation to axial feed so the required helix angle comes out on the part.

Can it cut worm wheels and spline shafts?

Yes, both. Worm wheels are cut with a hob that matches the profile of the mating worm. Involute splines are hobbed with a spline hob, exactly like a gear.

Can it cut internal gears?

Internal gears and gears with a shoulder very close to the teeth are made by gear shaping, on a shaping machine with a pinion-type cutter. A hob needs run-in and run-out room on the outside of the part.

Why a Siemens Sinumerik 828D control?

It is a CNC control widely used in European machine shops, with extensive documentation and many programmers who know it. On the delivered machine all the main control units are Siemens and the axes are direct-drive. For a new workshop that matters twice: operators learn faster and support for the control is easy to find.

How much does a CNC gear hobbing machine cost?

The price depends on maximum workpiece diameter, module, CNC control and options. The investment in this project was over €100,000. For a quotation, send us the parts you want to make: drawing or sample, material and yearly volume.

Can a gear hobbing machine be bought with EU funding?

Yes, when the investment fits the eligible activities of the programme. In this project, AFIR funding, which channels EU money for rural investment in Romania, backed the diversification of a farm in Pechea, through Miatec, into manufacturing. UZINEX prepares the technical offer and the supplier documents the application needs.

What power supply and foundation does it need?

380 V, three-phase, 50 Hz, with 13 kW installed power. The machine weighs 5,900 kg and stands on a concrete floor able to carry that weight. We agree the location and unloading access with the client before delivery.

Who trains the operators?

Training is part of the delivery and takes place at the client's workshop, on his own machine: start-up and shutdown, holding the part between centres, mounting and centring the hob, working with the Sinumerik 828D and the first hobbing programs. After training, the UZINEX engineer stays available for questions.

Are gears hobbed before or after heat treatment?

Usually before. Case-hardening steels such as 16MnCr5 are hobbed soft, then carburized and hardened; when high accuracy is needed the flanks are ground afterwards. Through-hardening steels such as 42CrMo4 are quenched and tempered before hobbing and can be induction hardened after.

What is the difference between a hob and a module cutter?

A module cutter, or disc cutter, has the profile of one tooth space and machines space by space, with the part indexed on a dividing head; it suits one-offs. A hob generates all the teeth by continuous rolling, is far more productive and gives the correct profile for any tooth count with the same tool.

What warranty does the machine have?

60 months, with on-site service within 48 hours anywhere in Romania and video support for set-up and programming.

What should I send for a gear hobbing machine quotation?

Maximum part diameter and module, gear types (spur, helical, worm wheels, splines), material, yearly volume and, if available, part drawings. We size the machine and the hobs from that.

Discuss a similar setup

Do you have a project similar to Miatec?
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09 / Contact

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Email
info@uzinex.ro
Headquarters
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